What is analogous to mass in linear motion for rotational motion?

$A$ solid sphere and a solid cylinder have the same mass and same radius. The ratio of the moment of inertia of the solid sphere about its diameter and the moment of inertia of the solid cylinder about its axis is

$A$ rigid body can be hinged about any point on the $x$-axis. When it is hinged such that the hinge is at $x$,the moment of inertia is given by $I = 2x^2 - 12x + 27$. The $x$-coordinate of the centre of mass is:

The moment of inertia of a semicircular ring about an axis passing through the center and perpendicular to the plane of the ring is $\frac{1}{x} MR^2$,where $R$ is the radius and $M$ is the mass of the semicircular ring. The value of $x$ will be $...........$

$A$ circular disc $X$ of radius $R$ is made from an iron plate of thickness $t$,and another disc $Y$ of radius $4R$ is made from an iron plate of thickness $\frac{t}{4}$. The ratio of the moment of inertia $\frac{I_Y}{I_X}$ is:

$Assertion$ : Moment of inertia depends on the axis of rotation and the nature of distribution of the mass of the body.
$Reason$ : Moment of inertia is the rotational inertia of the body.